Townsend Harris (1804-1878) was a merchant, educational leader, politician, and diplomat who served as the first United States Consul General to Japan.

Harris's negotiations with the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan at the time, led to the Treaty of Amity and Commerce (commonly known as the Harris Treaty of 1858) and helped shape the future course of Japanese-Western trade and cultural relations. In 1847, he founded the Free Academy (now City College of New York), the first tuition-free, publicly funded university in the United States.

Harris was born in the village of Sandy Hill (now Hudson Falls) in northern New York state. After moving to New York City, he became a successful merchant, importing porcelain and silk from China. From 1846 to 1848, he served as president of the Board of Education. Free education was favored at the time by the City’s progressive leaders, and Harris was an advocate for the founding of a university open to all. In a letter published in The Morning Courier and New York Enquirer on March 15, 1847, Townsend stated, “open the doors to all—let the children of the rich and the poor take their seats together and know of no distinction save that of industry, good conduct and intellect.” On May 7 of that year, the New York Free Academy was awarded its charter by the New York Legislature.

In 1849, Townsend Harris Hall, a one-year preparatory school for the Free Academy, was opened, and it became a city high school in 1906. Though closed for budgetary reasons in 1942 under Mayor Fiorello La Guardia, it was re-opened in 1984 as Townsend Harris High School and now serves as a public magnet school for the humanities.

In 1856, President Franklin Pierce named Harris as the U.S. General Consul to Japan, and the first consulate was opened in the city of Shimoda on the southeast of the Izu Peninsula. After lengthy negotiations, Harris finalized the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the two countries in 1858, thus opening the ports of Kanagawa and four other Japanese cities to trade with the United States. Harris returned to the U.S. in 1861, and he remained active in politics until his death in New York on February 25, 1878. He is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.

To this day, Harris is fondly remembered in Japan for his diplomatic work, with delegations from the city of Shimoda continuing to make yearly visits to his gravesite. The archives of City College house a collection of Harris' letters and papers, as well as other ephemera connected with his legacy.

When it opened in 1984, Townsend Harris High School occupied a small building on Parsons Boulevard. In 1995, the school was moved to 149-11 Melbourne Avenue on the campus of Queens College in Flushing.